Orwells Portrayal of the Characters in the Last Chapter...

This essay will examine how Orwell portrays the characters and develops the plot in the last chapter of Animal Farm to demonstrate the satirical techniques utilised in the text, such as allusion, sarcasm, exaggeration, metaphor and irony, to undermine Russian revolution indirectly. Most characters are allusion to certain figures in the revolution. To present them in a subtle yet suggestive way, their names are carefully selected with implications of their personalities and roles. Take the pigs for example. In order to parody Stalin, the pig Napoleon is named after Napoleon Bonaparte, who also transformed the revolution into dictatorship one century ago. Squealer, the living Pravda, playing the role of ‘the tongue and throat’ of Napoleon,†¦show more content†¦On the contrary, their magnified traits are more straightforward and effective in revealing targets’ foibles and absurdity, which, in turn, will contribute to a more powerful attack. When it comes to the narration structure, metaphor goes hand in hand with situational irony in the representation of key symbolic objects like the windmill. For most animals, this windmill is a metaphor of the promising life where electricity can be generated to provide light and warmth and spare the animals from the hard work in fields. At the same time, however, it is also a proof of Napoleon’s tyranny as the animals are suffering from laborious work to build and re-build the windmill like slaves and left no time to question or even speculate his dominant power. This juxtaposition of these two metaphors leads the irony to the peak when the first windmill is completed and no electrical power is generated. Although â€Å"it brought in a handsome money profit†, the animals, expect the pigs, get nothing in return but the command to build another one. In addition to the allusion to the failure of Stalin’s ‘Five-Year Plan’, this ironic contrast between i ntentions and results goes further to criticise the whole Stalinist system of oppressing the proletarians with a hypothetical and unattainable utopia (Communism). Verbal irony, another form of irony, established by the contradiction between what is said and what is reality, canShow MoreRelatedAnimal Farm by George Orwell1100 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: Widely acknowledged as a powerful allegory, the 1945 novella Animal Farm, conceived from the satirical mind of acclaimed author George Orwell, is a harrowing fable of a fictional dystopia that critiques the socialist philosophy of Stalin in terms of his leadership of the Soviet Union. Tired of their servitude to man, a group of farm animals revolt and establish their own society, only to be betrayed into worse servitude by their leaders, the pigs, whose initial virtuous intentionsRead MoreAnimal Farm Theme2655 Words   |  11 PagesTheme Analysis The theme of Animal Farm is not difficult to understand. Orwell intended to criticize the communist regime he saw sweeping through Russia and spreading to Europe and even the United States. Though he agreed with many Marxist principles, Orwell was unable to accept the communist interpretation of socialism because he saw many similarities between the communist governments and the previous czarist regimes in old Russia. Communism, he thought, was inherently hypocritical.In his self-proclaimed

The Benefits of Regulating Now-Illegal Drugs - 890 Words

It’s 2014 and America is still wasting its money and resources. Drugs. Illegal Drugs to be more specific. The emotions that this simple word initiates in many people are so real that it has become a major focus in our culture. It seems as if everyone has their own opinion on the topic of drugs; negative, positive or perhaps neither. Who is to say which is right? Most opinions towards drugs are not without bias, and most were formed from pre-existing experiences and beliefs. People who don’t use recreational drugs don’t do so because of the health risks; people who do use drugs would whether or not they are legal. Right now drugs are looked at like a forbidden fruit not meant to be tried unless you are ready to face the outcome, but why are they looked at in this way? Some drugs are illegal largely for historical or political reasons and there is little or no evidence of their abuse or of any use at all. Peyote as an example has no record of significant abuse, and krokodil is virtually unknown in the States. The government needs to regulate sales on some of these drugs and place a tax on them to terminate the organized crime element of illegal drug sales. The United States is worried that regulating drugs will cause a sharp rise in drug use and abuse, however no statistics stating this is true have been released. The fact that they are illegal makes little difference. Nevertheless, $15,000,000,000 goes into drug prohibition every year, and has very little effect. FromShow MoreRelatedMarijuana Legalization Essay952 Words   |  4 Pagesover the age of 21 years old to use or posses no more then an ounce of marijuana in the state of Colorado. The catch to the Ballot is that the use of Marijuana in public or driving under the influence is still illegal. There are many reasons why you could say marijuana should be legal or illegal in the state of Colorado. Many may say there are positives in the passing of the ballot, such as legal ramifications, medical issues, and economic issues in Colorado. In this essay I will discuss the positivesRead MoreMarijuana Reform Essay1610 Words   |  7 Pagesviews deem the drug dangerous and debilitating, while reformers suggest that legalizing the plant would have an enormous positive impact on the economy. While others, the terminally ill, wish for the plant to be legal so it can be offered as a less toxic and sometimes more effective alternative to harsh prescription drugs. an overwhelming wealth of facts that state the benefits marijuana can have medically. It’s not hard to believe that marijuana is the 3rd most popular recreational drug in America andRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1314 Words   |  6 Pagesunacceptable and illegal substance in Canada, as well as in many other n ations. It is a drug which can alter an individual’s sense of perception and distort one’s senses, and may become addictive if used repeatedly. Although marijuana is looked down upon in society when used for recreational purposes, it serves several beneficial purposes in the medical field. The legalization of marijuana is a prominent growing issue in several Canadian provinces, as it is allegedly believed to benefit the CanadianRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of The Speech Why We Need End The War On Drugs 1433 Words   |  6 Pagesto End the War on Drugs† given by Ethan Nadelmann, a drug policy reformist, Nadelmann gives a compelling and persuasive argument on how and why we should end the war on drugs. Nadelmann describes himself as the oldest son of a rabbi and a human rights activist who works to end the drug war. He urges that the drug war is very dynamic and what the United States is doing in relation to stop it is not effective. This helps launch into what he believes the US should do to end the drug war. A few subjectsRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1475 Words   |  6 Pagesthe country of Portugal. Portugal became the first country in Europe to remove all laws against the sale of drugs, including marijuana (Szalavitz, 2009). Instead of putting people in jail for possessing drugs, users were given the option to undergo treatment to help them quit (Szalavitz, 2009). This example of Portugal is interesting because instead of using fear to scare people from drugs, they offered health services. Supporting decriminalization of marijuana Glenn Greenwald (2009) explains,Read MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?864 Words   |  4 PagesCannabis, also known as marijuana among other names, is a preparation of the Cannabis plant intended for use as a psychoactive drug or medicine. Marijuana smoking remains the most prevalent form of illicit drug use in the United States and has even been legalized medicinally in twenty-four states. Four of these states, including Colorado and Washington, have legalized marijuana for recreational use. This means that it is treated like a controlled substance, like alcohol or tobacco, and anyone theRead MoreProhibition and the Effect on America756 Words   |  3 Pagessociety has led to an explosion of criminal offences in the past as well as today. The effects of prohibition consistently offer a hand in the shaping of American culture. Full-fledged black markets and organized crime groups both offset the supposed benefits of prohibition. Today, teenagers often turn to the underage consumption of alcohol to make them seem â€Å"cool,† or as a form of rebellion against parental and governmental authorities. The temperance movement acted as a predecessor to the prohibitionRead MoreHuman Trafficking Solutions902 Words   |  4 Pagesthe exploitative and illegal forms of prostitution, (Vanderstok, 2012). For the same above reasons Germany did the same thing with the same hopes as the Netherlands. Though now there is a ratio of 1:1 of legal prostitutes to illegal prostitutes in both countries (Spiegel, 2013). The legalization of prostitution has not been the answer to human trafficking in Europe. In the US, Nevada is the only state to have legal prostitution, though they have state and county laws regulating it. Europe has someRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1565 Words   |  7 PagesMarijuana Legalization From mandatory crop to illegal drug, cannabis has gone from revered to criminal in the course of United States history. Its fall from grace has been an education in mass hysteria, propaganda, market manipulation and greed. Fortunately, for those suffering debilitating medical conditions and those that wish to enjoy its euphoric effects alike, it appears that the pendulum is swinging in the opposite direction. The close of the 2015 legislative session revealed a potentialRead MoreThe Drug Enforcement Agency Defines A Schedule 1 Substance909 Words   |  4 Pagesmarijuana, be classified as a schedule 1 substance, he succeeded and it has remained that way for nearly 45 years. The Drug enforcement agency defines a schedule 1 substance as â€Å"drugs with no currently accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse. Schedule I drugs are the most dangerous drugs of all the drug schedules with potentially severe psychological or physical dependence. (Drug Schedules. DEA.gov.)† There was no science backing this claim, and when it comes to marijuana neither of

My Sister, My Friend, My Mentor - 1142 Words

My Sister, My Friend, and My Mentor Every January brings a horrendous memory for my family and myself. January being the month, in which my sister passed away, unexpectedly taken from our lives leaving behind the heart broken, chaotic, and depressed husband, parents, and family members. No to mention, the care, love, and tenderness that this new born child would be in desperate need of, where would one begin to manage such a tragedy, to pick up the pieces left and go on to love and care again. Years have passed, my teenage years, even up until present, as an adult, the past seems to creep up from deep inside my soul to the surface on every January and the reflection of that memory makes my heart ache. The questions of why run through†¦show more content†¦Over a month of time She slowly started to diminish in her body, mind, and soul. Her weakness was so overwhelming for her; even the weight of her son was too much for her to endure. She became incoherent and delirious with fever and sickness; hospitalized on a Friday at Incarnate Ward Hospital with liver enzymes so radical and heart extremely weak, she slipped into a coma late Saturday afternoon and that following Sunday she passed away. Neistat 4 Shock and dismay, the families were in disbelief of what happened. My parents, oh the sorrow I felt for them, their first child just given birth to their first grandchild, the look of despair in their eyes, their hope of love snatched from them, the look I will never forget to this day. The piece of both my parents’ lives that became whole once she was born was now taken away. For years we still really do not know what happened, she died an eighteen-year-old woman with an eighty-year-old heart. All our questions went unanswered, lost, and even our religion we began to have doubts. Was there a god? How could he have done such a thing? The healing process was not easy, but became necessary for our families to move on in life. We all needed to heal in life and our faith. In conclusion, Denise will forever hold a special place in my heart, never to leave. We learn about life sometimes through horrible circumstances and try to heal and move on from that point, no matter how dark andShow MoreRelatedAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Having A Sister750 Words   |  3 PagesHaving a sister is both a gift and a curse anyway you look at it. A sister is great to have because no matter where you go or what you do, you will always have a best friend and mentor. And because she’s family, your sister has to accept you for who you are. Later in life, you realize that your sister has basically become a part of you.† On the downside, having a sister also means unfair comparisons and sharing the spotlight. If your sister is a show-off, like mine, you look forward to the day sheRead MoreEssay about Wonderful life of Kay Buell1489 Words   |  6 Pagespresent and future. My life has been developed and influenced by several factors that will be reflected i n this paper. You will read about my life experiences and how it has developed into such a wonderful life. My life begin when I was a mere 2 years of age when my parents adopted my twin sister and myself. My parents were on the older side, so their beliefs were conservative and strict, even from the beginning. Since my sister and I had been out of many foster homes until my parents adopted usRead MoreChapter Of Alpha Omicron Pi1410 Words   |  6 PagesPreface: For my subculture, I decided to do the Beta Zeta chapter of Alpha Omicron Pi, also known as AOII, because I became a sister in the fall of 2015. Although I have spent nearly two semesters with the sorority, I still have a lot to learn. Due to my lack of knowledge, there are many assumptions. My first assumption is about the leadership council of Beta Zeta. I presumed the girls in charge of the chapter were elected because of popularity. I also believe the leaders are running for the sakeRead MoreMy Dad Essay740 Words   |  3 Pagesbecause of his influence on my life, is my dad. He is so special to me that its hard to put it in words. My dad is the one who had me knowing in my heart by 7th grade, maybe even sooner, that I wanted to teach someday and that I wanted to coach. My dad was a 5th and 6th grade teacher for 23 years. During these years he coached track, softball, volleyball, and my favorite sport, basketball. I think I probably had a basketball in my hands when I was born!    My sisters and I used to travel toRead MoreThe Wes Moore s A Big Role Shaping The Lives And Decisions Essay1432 Words   |  6 Pagesdecision making, a major factor is who your peers are. Peers, whether they be a close friend, family member, or even a teacher, can influence what you aspire to do, and how you live your life. In The Other Wes Moore, peers’s play a big role shaping the lives and decisions of both Wes’s, further leading them to their places in the current world, just as peers have shaped my sister, Katie’s decisions as well. Friends heavily influence teenagers, attributing to teens’ stubbornness. By setting examplesRead MoreCecilia s Interests Of The University s Office Of Multicultural Affairs996 Words   |  4 Pageswith her mentor Ms. Carter, is unique in that Ms. Carter provides her with emotional, academic, and financial support. She is in every sense of the word her guardian, and Miranda refers to her as her â€Å"titi† (Spanis h slang for â€Å"aunt†) and Godmother. Like Cecilia, Miranda met her mentor in 8th grade: Interviewer: Was there anyone in particular who really sticks out as a mentor to you? Miranda: Definitely right now it s my 8th grade teacher. She was the first one to believe in me um and she s my GodmotherRead MoreDifferences Between The Way Different Age Groups Viewed Life1062 Words   |  5 PagesMy goal during this interview project was to determine if there were any similarities or differences in the way different age groups viewed life. To discover if there were similarities or differences among different age groups I interviewed three people who varied in age. For the privacy of my interviewees and for the purpose of this paper I will be changing their names. The first person I interviewed was my five year old niece, Mia. I was able to interview Mia twice a week in my home while I watchedRead MoreMy Role Models: A Personal Statement659 Words   |  3 PagesWhen my older brother told me that I could shadow him at work, I leapt at the opportunity. I have always admired Ken. He graduated from UCI with a degree in finance. I used to look up to him when I was you nger, so it made sense that I would continue to look up to him now as I am seeking direction and good role models. My mentor, Ken has shown me what it is like to work in the financial sector in ways that school cannot do. The daily work of handling investment portfolios and financial strategizingRead MoreReflection Paper About Mentoring1695 Words   |  7 PagesProtà ©gà ©s My life, admittedly, has been one of grace and privilege. I was born into a loving home and grew up attending church with my mother and two sisters. My father, while unsaved, was exemplary in his provision for our family. To date, I have attended three excellent institutions of higher education and currently am serving full-time within a ministry of consequence - one that actively seeks to make disciples both locally and internationally. Throughout my life I have had men and women mentor me.Read MoreMarian Wright Edelman s Measure Of Our Success1659 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Any fool can know. The point is to understand† (Albert Einstein). Life is an item that most people do not understand. People ask others to answer what they want, instead of experiencing it for themselves; however, mentors help a person get through the difficult points in life with some life lessons. Though life lessons do not unlock all the secrets to life, they help people understand life a little bette r. Life lessons can come from anywhere. For some, they come with it on their own, for others

The Crime-Terror Continuum

Question: Discuss about The Crime-Terror Continuum. Answer: Initial identification of the article: This review is done on the article titled The Crime-Terror Continuum: Tracing the Interplay between Transnational Organized Crime and Terrorism. The author of the article is Tamara Makarenko. The article was published in the journal named Global Crime, (Volume:6, Issue:1). It was published in February 2004. This particular article has made a discussion on the relationship between transnational organized crime and terrorism. A brief summary of the article: The author has dedicated this article to prove that terrorism and organized crime has a close nexus between them. The objective of the article can be described as exploring the potential relation and the possibility of convergence of the terrorists and the criminal organizations to be a singular entity. The article has discussed that this nexus is operating due to various motivational approaches. As opined by the author the nexus between the organized crime and terrorism The article has discussed that the theory of convergence and the popular black hole theory to discuss its central idea. As discussed by sociological theorists, the convergence theory talks about the potentiality of becoming one singular entity of two different societal entities because of their development and mutually mitigated necessitates. Here, in this context of organized crime and terrorism the author has mentioned that the convergence of the two groups is taking a shape that the ultimate aims and motivations of the organizations have actually changed. As described in the convergence theory, the author has provided a distinct identification. On the other hand, the author has also discussed the popular Black Hole Thesis for explaining the pattern and aspect of this convergence of these two distinctly directed groups. As clearly mentioned by various researchers, the black hole thesis describes two distinct but parallel situations[1]. One where the principal motivations of clusters involved in a civil war changes from a concentration on the political aspiration to the focus on criminal ambition; another, it talks about the emergence and development of a black hole state which is taken over by a group which is criminal cluster. Thus, the criminal groups which hold an ambition of significant political power is typically converging to the terrorist groups. With a number of examples of the criminal gangs and terrorist groups ranging from a diverse number of countries and sub-continents, the author has discussed that the terrorist groups are gradually changing the operational ambition due to the causes like, organizational management, contextual facility and global alteration in the economic as well as the technological aspect. A critical discussion: The author has described his central idea of a potential nexus and tendency of convergence between the terrorist and criminal group with the help of a number of real life examples of terrorist groups and the context of their emergence. With a very well structured way, the author has provided a few theoretical ideas that can be used to explain the essence of the article. Moreover, the author has made his point clear with help of an unambiguous lingual pattern. However, while critically defining the article it can be said that, it has tried to provide the idea that with the progress of time the two differently motivated groups are trying to come to a similar point with identical ambition. It has tried to set them in a same region of the fulcrum. However, as opined by the scholastic experts, the terrorist groups are mainly politically driven, whereas the organized crime group is typically characterized with the strong networking system[2]. The main ambition of the terrorist groups is to accumulate power where money is only a means to achieve it[3]. Most of the traditional studies have distinguished them two different entities. However, various scholars have stated, almost fifty years ago, an obvious dividing line was there between these two, which is continuously becoming blur[4]. As opined by the author of this article, the relation or the nexus between these two separate entities can be explained with the help of the Black Hole theory of terrorism. A number of scholastic articles can be found in support of this theory. The idea of entering the black whole is the weakening of a state and the loss of its sovereignty and lack of governmental collapse[5]. In such a context, the sate becomes the safe haven for the terrorist groups and organized criminals. The author himself, while discussing the alliance pattern of relation, has supported this very idea. As mentioned by the researchers in the related field with the collapsed state of government is becomes easier for the groups to co-ordinate and co-operate[6]. In addition to this, the empirical study report of the author has also described that the convergent theory can be discussed to identify the cause of the liaison between these two groups. It has provided the readers a clear idea for understanding the cause of the transition of the terrorist groups into the organized criminals. As supported by many authors in the modern world of capitalism and globalization, the criminal groups have concluded that to become economically powerful, it is crucial to hold the political authority[7]. On the other hand, as mentioned by various scholars with the advancement in the modern information technology, the terrorist groups have identified the importance of organized networks[8]. Various authors have supported this very idea. As described by them, the terrorist groups has been identified that an organized network helps largely to the successful implementation of their strategic planning. On the other hand, utilizing the modern information technology will also provide them organizational sustainability[9]. The idea provided by the author that the organized criminals have also found it crucial to be politically powerful to obtain a better management of their operation. In the articles of many scholars, the support of this idea can also be detected. With the explanation of the black hole theory, it can be said that the organized criminal groups and the terrorist organizations work hand in hand, when they find it easy to fulfil the mutual aspirations. Hence, it can be said that most of the scholastic articles have supported the idea of transitional hybridization of the terrorist and organizational criminal groups. The explanation of the two distinct socio-political theories has made this article strong enough to establish its points. Moreover, the empirical feature of the paper has made provided enough proof in support of the authors discussion. As mentioned previously, there were certain distinct differences in the outlook and operation of the terrorist and organized criminal groups. Traditional sociological researchers have mentioned it with great emphasis. However, as opined by the modern researchers they are typically converging for various reasons. A final evaluation: As opined by a number of researchers, with the recent turn of events, ranging from the collapse of the communism in Soviet Union to the recent dominance of Al-Qaida or ISIS, the two distinct organizations or organized crime and terrorists can be identified as a singular entity with identical ambitions[10]. This particular article can be described as a major contributor in the subject of criminology and the endeavour to explore the nature, status and pattern of the modern criminal world and terrorism. However, this particular article has discussed the pattern of terrorism under the light of the social theory of convergence and the Black Hole Theory. With these two theories, the author has made the cause of such transition and hybridization clear to the readers. A number of scholastic articles are supporting his discussion. Traditionally, the terrorist groups and the organized criminals were distinct in their identity. However, by reviewing a number of real life cases and scholastic li teratures it can be said that the future of terrorism is the hybrid transitional groups. References: Asongu, Simplice A., and Jacinta Nwachukwu. "Fighting terrorism: empirics on policy harmonization."African Governance and Development Institute WP/15/024(2015). Den Boer, Monica, and Irina Wiegand. "From Convergence to Deep Integration: Evaluating the Impact of EU Counter-Terrorism Strategies on Domestic Arenas."Intelligence and National Security30, no. 2-3 (2015): 377-401. Farah, Douglas.Transnational Organized Crime, Terrorism, and Criminalized States in Latin America: An Emerging Tier-One National Security Priority. ARMY WAR COLL STRATEGIC STUDIES INST CARLISLE BARRACKS PA, 2012. Gallagher, Martin. "Modelling Entrepreneurial Endeavour in the Nexus between Terrorism and Organised Crime: Does Supporting Terrorism Present a Red Line in Organised Criminals Pursuit of Profit?."Exploring Criminal and Illegal Enterprise: New Perspectives on Research, Policy Practice (Contemporary Issues in Entrepreneurship Research, Volume 5) Emerald Group Publishing Limited5 (2015): 51-74. Kaya, Zeynep. "Building an Empire: Terrorism VS Organized Crime."International Relations3, no. 7 (2015): 448-458. Lizardo, Omar. "Defining and theorizing terrorism: A global actor-centered approach."Journal of World-Systems Research14, no. 2 (2015): 91-118. Martin, Gus.Understanding terrorism: Challenges, perspectives, and issues. Sage Publications, 2015. Phillips, Matthew, and Emily Kamen. "Entering the black hole: The Taliban, terrorism, and organised crime."Journal of Terrorism Research5, no. 3 (2014). Rollins, John, and Liana Sun Wyler. "Terrorism and transnational crime: Foreign policy issues for Congress."Congressional Research Service19, no. 2 (2012). Sergi, Anna. "Divergent mind-sets, convergent policies: Policing models against organized crime in Italy and in England within international frameworks."European Journal of Criminology(2015): 1477370815578196.